The past several decades have seen increasing calls for business to cease doing business in countries with unpopular and/or repressive government regimes. Such countries are often rife with civil unrest and internal violence, often allegedly instituted by the government itself against its own...

Carrot mobs are a form of direct consumer activism designed to incentivize business to implement sustainability measures. This paper discusses the collection of data on completed carrot mobs and reviews the data to determine whether carrot mobs are an effective tool for fostering sustainability...

On March 13, 2012, Japan, the United States, and the European Union filed Requests for Consultations (Requests) with the World Trade Organization (WTO), contesting China's export restrictions on rare earth elements (REE). The Requests were long expected, given the growing importance of REE,...

Since the 1950’s, plastic has become a dominant material with a myriad of applications. U.S. solid waste policies led to a strategy reflecting the pollution haven hypothesis, where developed countries export plastic waste and pollution-intensive plastic recycling to developing countries,...

Sustainability reporting can be seen as an attempt to bring improved environmental, social, and governance (ESG) practices to mainstream business. However, this movement to mainstream is hampered by the disconnect between financial and ESG information. Both reporting streams use the concept of...

Corporate reporting is premised on the concept of the disclosure of "material" information, developed for financial reporting. The increase in sustainability reporting has seen the materiality concept migrate into non-financial reporting and resurfaced two issues with the concept. Sustainability...