When income inequality increases when average income levels increase, rises in average income levels might result in inequality costs. This paper develops marginal social welfare measures that account for the possibility that income inequality changes when average income levels change....

Public benefit-cost analysis of market policies often relies on a particular definition of market surplus that adds up consumer and producer surplus and external costs. This paper provides an overview of conceptual strategies to deal with moral considerations and then develops an adjusted market...

Travel congestion is considered as the most important negative externality of urban agglomerations. Despite the recommendations of urban and transport researchers, congestion tolls are rarely applied, mainly because these policies are not generally accepted by a broad public. Recently,...

This paper analyses the cost of access travel time variability for air travelers. Reliable access to airports is important since it is likely that the cost of missing a flight is high. First, the determinants of the preferred arrival times at airports are analyzed, including trip purpose, type...

Traffic congestion contributes to longer travel times and increased travel time variability. We account for the dynamic nature of travellers' choices, by deriving a closed-form solution for the costs of travel time variability. The resulting travel delay cost function is linear in the mean...

Theoretical and empirical studies of consumer scheduling behavior usually ignore that consumers have more flexibility to adjust their schedule in the long run than in the short run. We are able to distinguish between long-run choices of travel routines and short-run choices of departure times...

We derive the expected user costs of US domestic air travel delay variability taking into account scheduling behavior of travelers. Travelers do not only consider mean arrival delays, but also face scheduling costs because they arrive too early or too late at their destination. The model allows...

A common way to determine values of travel time and schedule delay is by estimating departure time choice models using revealed preference (RP) data. The estimation of such models requires that (expected) travel times are known for both chosen as well as unchosen departure time alternatives. As...

Participants of a large-scale, real-life peak avoidance experiment have been asked to provide estimates of their average in-vehicle travel times for their morning commute.Comparing these reported travel times to the corresponding actual travel times, we find that travel times are overstated by a...