Correctly accounting for the energy and emissions embodied in consumption and trade is essential to effective climate policy design. Robust methods are needed for both policy making and research—for example, the assignment of border carbon adjustments (BCAs) and greenhouse gas emission...

In recent decades, great changes have taken place in residents’ lifestyle and consumption structure. Urban household consumption plays an increasingly significant role in promoting energy use and related carbon emissions. Communities are regarded as the basic part of city, and also units and...