in material, labor and managerial costs. The presumed benefits of ESL, for example, tend to be focused around lower price … adjustment costs (PAC), also known as menu costs. However, ESL not only can save PAC but may also enable the retailer to price …Electronic shelf label (ESL) is an emerging price display technology around the world. While these new technologies …

The demand for motor fuel should decline when its price rises, but how exactly does that happen? Do people drive less … reduced-form regressions show that while the VKTs driven by gasoline cars decrease when the price of gasoline rises, their … the VKTs and the fuel economy of diesel cars appear to be insensitive to changes in the price of diesel. Latent class …

of price and income elasticities for alcohol beverages. The analysis improves on previous meta-analyses by correcting for … exceeds the database used in previous reviews and meta-analyses. Results: For individual beverages, corrected price …. The average price and income elasticities are: beer, -0.30 and 0.50; wine, -0.45 and 1.00; and spirits, -0.55 and 1 …