Building up a supply capacity to meet future and uncertain demands for products is a strategic issue which is both costly and dealt with in numerous approaches. For example, oil and gas contracts, as well as production of fashion goods or production for peak demands (as they recur at Christmas...

This paper addresses the economic efficiency of water production and distribution in a vertical supply chain consisting of a water-provider and a consumer (municipality). The inherent conflicts over stocks and supply costs that emerge among the parties in the water supply chain are modeled as a...

The financial crisis of 2008 has revealed what we all know: That liquidity matters very much; That the future may be unpredictable; That non-transparency, complexity and ambiguity have conjured with greed to induce “Management's Risks” as being able to derail financial sustainability and That...

This paper considers an individual's problem and effects on savings for retirement. We show using a deterministic model, a linear utility function and assuming an individual can benefit from a tax break in savings, that under reasonable circumstances, there is only one switch from not saving to...