There are large socio-economic gaps in higher education participation. But returns to education in the UK derive largely from the attainment of qualifications rather than years of study, and additionally vary by institution, subject and degree class for graduates. This paper provides new...

This paper studies the relationship between social class, educational attainment, and social mobility. While educational expansion has been shown to increase educational attainment and social mobility in contemporary countries, the 19th century has received little attention. The German state of...

Die untersuchten Berufsverläufe von Ingenieuren, Juristen und Wirtschaftswissenschaftlern zeigen, dass die Promotion allein vor allem in der Wirtschaft noch lange nicht den Weg zu den Top-Positionen ebnet. Größere Chancen bieten sich in Justiz, Wissenschaft und Politik. Trotzdem wird...