1. Introduction -- 2. Estimating the demand for energy : issues and methodologies -- 3. Demand for electricity -- 4. Demand for natural gas -- 5. Demand for petroleum products -- 6. Demand for coal -- 7. Summary and conclusions.

When regulators put forward new economic or regulatory policies, there is a need to compare the costs and benefits of these new policies to existing policies and other alternatives to determine which policy is most cost-effective. For command and control policies, it is quite difficult to...