This study explores how a major public policy change--the implementation of welfare reform in the U.S. in the 1990s--shaped the age gradient in female crime. We used FBI arrest data to investigate the age-patterning of the effects of welfare reform on women's arrests for property crime, the type...

This paper estimates the effects of educational attainment and school quality on crime among American women. Using changes in compulsory schooling laws as instruments, we estimate significant effects of schooling attainment on the probability of incarceration using Census data from 1960-1980....

We investigate the effects of broad-based work incentives on female crime by exploiting the welfare reform legislation of the 1990s, which dramatically increased employment among women at risk for relying on cash assistance. We find that welfare reform decreased female property crime arrests by...

A significant number of women experience physical or sexual violence throughout their lives, with a considerable portion of such incidents occurring in public spaces. Harmful social norms emphasizing men's power over women have been highlighted as one crucial culprit. We study a public festivity...

In India, earlier, on one hand women were regarded as Laxmi, Devi, Durga and so on and on other hand they were confined to four walls, they had not any opportunity to share their views publically too. Their role was limited only to provide enjoyment to male community. But after industrial...

This article examines the trend of girl violence, particularly in the context of girls in gangs. The emergence of girls, gangs, and violence raises two questions for the criminal justice system. First, why are girls becoming more violent? Second, how should the criminal justice system respond to...

We study the impact of the integration of women in US policing between the late 1970s and early 1990s on violent crime reporting and domestic violence. Along these two key dimensions, we find that female officers improved police quality. Crime victimization data reveal that as female...