government institutions. However, weak law enforcement alone cannot explain the cross-regional differences in mafia activity …. This chapter develops a feedback model of economic causes for the rise of the Sicilian mafia. Grounded in earlier economic … research, the model incorporates causal relationships between the mafia’s activities, predation, law enforcement, and the …

illicit marketplace throughout the world. The Mafia, Cosa Nostra, Camorra, ‘Ndrangheta, Triads, Yakuza, and the South American …

increase the cost of corruption but not of the exercise of violence might accordingly lead mafia-style organizations to … impact of city council dissolution for mafia influence in Italy as prescribed by Decree Law 164/1991 in discouraging violence …