The extent of genetic diversity in food crops is important as it affects the risk of attack by pathogens. A drop in diversity increases this risk. Farmers may not take this into account when making crop choices, leading to what from a social perspective is an inadequate level of diversity.

This paper develops a general equilibrium model to measure welfare effects of taxes for correcting environmental externalities caused by domestic trade, focusing on exter- nalities that arise through exports. Externalities from exports come from a number of sources. Domestically owned ships,...

This paper addresses transboundary environmental problems in the context of an optimal tax problem, when part of the labor force is mobile across countries. The policy instruments include both commodity taxation and nonlinear income taxation. We show how the tax policy in a noncooperative...

"If Thai shrimp farming were taxed, how much should it be?" is the key re-search question of this paper. The dynamic-constraint optimization model in-corporating accumulated nutrient load from farm discharges is applied in the analysis. The model implies some tax has to be imposed on stock...

Many international fisheries agreements involve sharing rules. The current pa-per analysis the stability of sharing rules when coping with long run changes in the composition of fish stocks in an international setting due to climate change. The exploitation of the cod stock in the Baltic Sea...

Cultural capital is assumed to benefit all members of society. It is built up by the aggregate consumption of cultural goods and is diminished through depreciation. In the no-policy market economy, consumers tend to ignore the beneficial external effects of their cultural good consumption on the...

In their seminal paper on production, consumption and externalities (AER, 1969), Ayres and Kneese initiated a research program on comprehensive analysis and management of residuals and pollution based on two pillars: the study of the residuals-generating materials flow subject to the mass...

Three original microeconomic models of an externality market are described: (1) model of the marketable permits for exhalations emission, (2) model of optimal financial satisfaction of a damage caused by a negative externality in the economy with agents maximizing probability of their survival...

It is a well known fact that not all countries develop at the same time. The industrial revolution began over 200 years ago in England and has been spreading over the world ever since. In their paper Barriers to Riches, Parente and Prescott notice that countries that enter the industrial stage...