Peer effects are potentially important for understanding the optimal organization of schools, jobs, and neighborhoods, but finding evidence is difficult because people are selected into peer groups based, in part, on their unobservable characteristics. I identify the effects of peers whom a...

This paper attempts to test whether information problems in labor markets can explain why minority or female workers are sometimes paid less than equally-qualified white male workers. In particular, the relationship between starting wages, current performance, and race and sex is studied. OLS...

A broad body of interdisciplinary research establishes that transgender and non-binary individuals face discrimination across many contexts, including healthcare. Simultaneously, transgender individuals face various mental health disparities, including higher rates of depression and anxiety,...

The Paycheck Protection Program (PPP) helped to preserve employment relationships during thesudden shutdown of economic activity due to the Covid-19 pandemic. In this paper, we analyzeaccess of the minority and women-owned businesses to PPP loans. Our quantitative results showthat a...

Our study uses a unique national longitudinal survey, the National Educational Longitudinal Study of 1988 (NELS), which permits researchers to match individual students and teachers, to analyze issues relating to how a teacher's race, gender, and ethnicity, per se, influence students from both...

In this paper we review research findings from the 1980s and early 1990s on race and gender pay gaps. In addition. we present some evidence from the Current Population Surveys (1972, 1982 and 1989) regarding the impact of shifts in the industrial composition of employment and in interindustry...

Women outlive men, and, as a consequence, comprise the majority of residents in both the home health and nursing home long-term care settings. Their caregivers are also overwhelmingly-women -- 91% of nursing assistants in nursing homes, for example. And those caregivers are largely non-white....

Using Integrated Public Use Microdata Series-United States micro-census data from 1960 to 2010, this paper examines whether racial and gender income disparities beget inequality by differentially impacting the growth prospects of the poor, the middle class, and the rich. Racial and gender...