Successful unionization of, and conclusion of collective agreements for, contract academic staff in English Canada challenges the received wisdom that the Wagner Act model is an insurmountable obstacle to the unionization of contingent labor. It provides an example that might prove instructive...

In the work research published in USA in the 1970s, the universities were regarded as organisations qualified as "organised anarchies" or "loosely coupled systems" which were considered host to "unclear technologies". This paper confronts these concepts with the recent evolution of the piloting...