This document contains an edited version of an expert report prepared for the de fence in one of the many 'Hawala'/money laundering prosecutions currently being mounted by UK Customs and Excise. It was created in 2003.

The paper, presented at a World Bank Conference on Migrant Remittances: development impact, opportunities for the financial sector and future prospects in London, 9th - 10th October 2003, examines the Hawala transactions by British labour migrants to South Asia, their region of origin.