This Selected Issues paper provides an overview of the challenges facing the banking sector in Libya and puts forward reforms to strengthen financial stability and accelerate credit growth. Priority reforms are identified using the 2012 sound principles for effective supervision, issued by the...

This 2023 Article IV Consultation discusses that Libya's institutional framework has helped the country through a period of significant macroeconomic volatility and turmoil. There have been exceptional swings in oil production and revenues since 2011. The economy contracted sharply in 2020 due...

This paper presents Republic of Kosovo's Request for Stand-By Arrangement (SBA) and an Arrangement under the Resilience and Sustainability Facility (RSF). The SBA is expected to be precautionary and will provide liquidity in case downside risks materialize, including from Russia's war in...

This paper presents Rwanda's First Reviews under the Policy Coordination Instrument and the Arrangement under the Resilience and Sustainability Facility, Request for the Modification of End-June 2023 Quantitative Targets, and Rephasing of Access under the Resilience and Sustainability Facility....

This Selected Issues paper on Switzerland focuses on assessing Swiss National Bank (SNB) balance sheet changes in 2022. This paper clarifies the main underlying drivers, discusses potential implications, or lack thereof, on monetary and fiscal policies, and assesses the SNB's financial...

This 2023 Article IV Consultation with Switzerland discusses that growth slowed in 2022, while inflation became a new challenge after a decade of ultra-low or negative inflation. Growth is expected to slow further in 2023-driven by the weak global outlook, tighter monetary policy, and cooling of...

This Selected Issues paper explores the link between social grants and employment in South Africa. Social grants have played an important role in alleviating poverty and inequality in South Africa. The literature has analyzed the link between social grants, means-tested and unconditional on...

This 2023 Article IV Consultation highlights that South Africa's economy is facing mounting economic and social challenges. Growth moderated from 4.9 percent in 2021 to 2.0 percent in 2022 as the country was buffeted by Russia's war in Ukraine, global monetary policy tightening, severe floods,...

This Selected Issues paper discusses the causes and implications of elevated inflation in Cyprus and describes recent inflation trends. The paper also analyses drivers of inflation in with an augmented Phillips Curve and investigates how wages adjust to inflation. Estimating a pass-through from...

This 2023 Article IV Consultation discusses that Cyprus's economy has been resilient to the fallout from Russia's invasion of Ukraine. The outlook is uncertain with risks from an escalation of the war and a possible recession in Europe. Should inflation expectations rise further and the...