Depuis 35 ans au moins, dans de nombreux pays membres de l'OCDE, des objectifs de dépenses fondés sur l’intensité de R-D (part de la DIRD dans le PIB) sont déterminés dans le cadre des politiques en matière de science et de technologie. Ce qui est nouveau, c’est que cette stratégie se...

This paper examines the process of embodied technology diffusion in 10 OECD countries with the help of a methodology whereby the purchases of intermediate and capital goods act as carriers of technology across industries and countries. In terms of supply and demand of technology, it establishes...

Efforts such as the Kyoto Protocol to reduce emissions that may be linked to climate change focus on six greenhouse gases (GHG). Carbon dioxide is by far the largest of these by volume, representing about 80% of the total emissions of these six gases. Almost all carbon dioxide is emitted during...

Setting R&D spending targets based on R&D intensities (GERD as a share of GDP) has been a part of science and technology policy in many OECD countries for at least 35 years. What is new is that the targeting of R&D has become more widespread and a more visible goal commanding considerable...