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Inward and outward direct investment (FDI) stocks and flows tend to go together, across countries and over time. The countries that invest extensively abroad are usually also large recipients of FDI. There is little evidence that flows of FDI are a major influence on capital formation. That lack...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012470940
Direct investment has accounted for about a quarter of total international capital outflows in the 1990s and appears to have grown, relative to other forms of international investment, since the 1970s. The United States was by far the major source of direct investment outflows in the early...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012471030
Despite the persistent fears that production abroad by U.S. multinationals reduces employment at home, there has, in fact, been almost no aggregate shift of production or employment to foreign countries. Some continuing shifts to foreign locations by U.S. manufacturing firms have been largely...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012471427
Market size and growth rates, per capita income, distance from the United States, and tax rates on U.S. affiliates accounted for about half the variation among developing host countries in most aspects of U.S. FDI activity. Residuals from the equations for one period add greatly to the...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012471935
Internationalized production, that is, production in a country controlled by firms based in another country, grew from about 4.5% of world output in 1970 to over 7% in 1995. The importance of internationalized output fell substantially in developing countries until around 1990 but has been been...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012472403
Network connections within MNCs seem to improve export market shares for Asian affiliates of those MNCs. In particular, Asian affiliates of U.S. MNCs export more to markets where their parent firms' exports to affiliates are larger, and less to markets where their parent firms export more to...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012473620
Foreign-owned establishments in the United States pay higher wages, on average, than domestically-owned establishments. The foreign-owned establishments tend to be in higher-wage industries and also to pay higher wages within industries. They tend to locate in lower-wage states, but to pay more...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012473977
This paper reviews the main developments in U.S. trade and the balance of payments from the first years of the 19th century to the first decade of the 20th. American export trade was dominated by agricultural and other resource products long after the majority of the labor force had shifted out...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012474218
Investment in production outside the United States is a method by which U.S. firms raise their shares in foreign markets and defend them against foreign rivals from the host countries and from other countries. The investing firms are exploiting their firm-specific assets such as proprietary...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012474241
Measures of long term trends in world export prices of manufactured goods and in the terms of trade between manufactured goods and primary products are sensitive to the choice of country weights and of base periods and, most important of all, the treatment of quality change. Later base periods...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012474261