Kao et al. (2024) use phone-based survey experiments in Jordan, Tunisia and Morocco to test whether established theories about the effect of descriptive representation on perceived democratic legiti- macy hold in the Middle East. They find that the presence of women in deliberative bodies...

The report presents the findings of a detailed review and analysis of gender issues associated with energy services in Tunisia. It calls attention to the challenges and barriers rural women face in employment and entrepreneurship in energy sectors. It also highlights the potential for gender...

This paper examines the impact of the COVID-19 crisis on women's economic empowerment in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA), in the context of elevated gender-based discrimination in social institutions – formal and informal laws, social norms, and practices. The analysis focuses on...