In this study, the authors conduct a systematic investigation on the evolution in the effectiveness of two important marketing mix instruments, advertising and price, over the business cycle. Analyses are based on 163 branded products in 37 mature CPG categories in the UK, and this for a period...

In 21st century education system, Information Technology is playing a vital role. IT has simplified the teaching-learning process in the higher education. Today, Educators worldwide are employing IT as one of the tools for the knowledge transmission. My paper "Blog: Help Engineers Practice...

Third sector organisations, including social enterprises (SEs), are facing significant challenges. Primarily, this is because they are often engaged in contracting with the public sector and many are dependent on grant funding streams at risk of being cut during turbulent economic times. In the...

Public Auditors are fundamental institutions to supervise government agents. Without accurate information principals would find it hard to make adequate decisions. Since agents face strong incentives to misreport, competent audits of financial information are crucial. This paper is the first...

We model the dynamics of social assistance benefit receipt in Britain using data from the British Household Panel Survey, waves 1-15. First, we discuss definitions of social assistance benefit receipt, and present information about the trends between 1991 and 2005 in the receipt of social...

Throughout the period 1871-1938, the average British worker was better off than the average German worker, but there were significant differences between major sectors. For the aggregate economy, the real wage gap was about the same as the labour productivity gap, but again there were important...

The remuneration committee at Shell decided to exercise their discretionary power to award five top executives a bonus for 2008, even though they had not met the necessary performance measures under the compensation plan. Proxy advisers RiskMetrics and the British Association of Insurers advise...

This study reviews and analyzes economic development and polices in Federal republic of Germany in 1980. It traces the dynamics of the cyclical upswing that began at the end of 1982 and describes the geneses of two major imbalances in German economy: high unemployment and large external...

The effects of the oil price shocks of the 1970s were critically contingent on the domestic arrangements that determined the incidence of the shocks--specifically whether labor income or capital income bore the brunt. This differed between the two shocks in some countries and differed between...

National policymakers are increasingly aware that their tax policy options are constrained by international tax competition. Important features of national tax systems - notably the tax mix, tax rates and rules which define the tax base - will influence decisions of firms and individuals...