This study examines the effects of communal violence, thatis violence inflicted upon a particular group along ethnic orreligious lines, on women's marital outcomes. Communalviolence, with its accompanying psychological and physicaltrauma, can have important socioeconomic consequences.The effects...

This study supports the KP provincial government's efforts to facilitate women’s voluntary tax compliance by understanding women's constraints and experiences in tax payment and property registration and the gender gaps in access to and use of digital technologies. It draws data from a survey,...

This paper examines the link between violent attacks of the Islamic extremist group Boko Haram, forced migration, and the empowerment of women in host communities. The paper finds positive effects of distant attacks on the economic well-being of women, their use of modern contraceptive methods,...

Women entrepreneurs in Tajikistan confront disproportionate challenges in their businesses compared to their male counterparts, with cross-border traders being no exception. The World Bank initiated the Fourth Phase of the Central Asia Regional Links Program in 2020, aiming to boost Tajikistan's...

Does increasing the number of women in career stages that precede high-level positions affect female representation at the top of the career ladder State legislature elections narrowly won by female candidates in India are exploited to examine the effect of expanding the pipeline of women in...

Liberian women make significant economic contributions yet are constrained from contributing even more due to their exclusion from productive opportunities. This study develops a macrosimulation model of the Gender Dividend that estimates the economic contributions of women and the societal...

This paper proposes a framework for the World Bank Group's approach to gender equality. Women’s achievements in such fields as education, health, and economic and political participation have not changed the unequal power relations with men. The author makes three main proposals for changing...

In a randomized evaluation conducted in Burkina Faso, the authors examine whether the provision of affordable childcare services improves both early childhood development and women's economic empowerment. The authors find robust improvement in child development indicators and suggestive evidence...

This knowledge note provides new evidence on property ownership and taxation patterns across genders in São Paulo (Brazil), the largest city in the Americas, with 12 million inhabitants. We exploit microdata on all commercial and residential properties to document the share of total property...

This Overview presents the findings from the mixed-method study on gender inequalities in Madagascar, illustrating the key gender gaps in the country and shedding light on the unique challenges that young Malagasy women face in their educational, professional, and family trajectories. Due to the...