processing. Issues with product standards may be particularly important for goods with long supply chains. The link between NTMs …

, standards and labelling, and subsidies and countervailing duties. It concludes that in the absence of clear international …

This paper aims to help policy makers identify how standards can contribute to the effective and cost … discuss what standards are, how the process of standardization works, and how standards are related to induced innovation and …-saving technologies. This broad perspective enables us to identify interesting economic dimensions of standards, such as their …

This paper shows that environmental, labour and other standards can be effective strategic policy instruments even when … they are strictly non-discriminatory. This is because standards can be set which the low cost producer optimally chooses … for policy to consider how much scope there should be for the imposition of unilaterally determined standards - which …

International standards have the potential to both promote and hinder international trade. Yet empirical scholarship on … the standards-trade relationship has been held up due to some methodological challenges: measurement problems, varied …

Retailer initiated food quality standards are important elements to market food and agricultural products. However … producers and others representing very few, if any. This study aims at analysing the adoption of two private food standards, BRC … are applied to quantify the determinants of standards’ spread at an aggregated level. The results of the econometric …

The interplay between patents and standards in the information and communication technology (ICT) sector has been … and implementation of standards, and international trade, which are promoted by the WTO Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects …