Introduction -- Revisiting the theories of welfare states in developing countries -- Theoretical discussion: the structures of associational networks and labor politics -- The origin of top-down solidarity in South Korea -- Embeddedness, cohesiveness, and the politics of social policy expansion...

In this paper, it is attempted to see whether the recent increase in the actual social expenditure can be the one caused by the change in the policy stance of Korean government. IECI is calculated to check this. The initial finding is that the IECI of the welfare expenditure shows the clear...