Die Balanced Scorecard ist seit den ersten Veröffentlichungen zu diesem Konzept Anfang der neunziger Jahre in vielen Unternehmen und anderen Institutionen als ein Instrument zur Verwirklichung eines ganzheitlichen Performance-Measurement-Ansatzes eingeführt worden. Hervorgerufen durch die...

Purpose – Research on international marketing usually involves comparing different groups of respondents. When using structural equation modeling (SEM), group comparisons can be misleading unless researchers establish the invariance of their measures. While methods have been proposed to...

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explain how to model moderating effects of composites using partial least squares (PLS) path modeling. It provides the methodological underpinning of moderating effects in general and describes the various approaches for forming the interaction term, i.e.,...

Purpose Many important constructs of business and social sciences are conceptualized as composites of common factors, i.e. as second-order constructs composed of reflectively measured first-order constructs. Current approaches to model this type of second-order construct provide inconsistent...

Purpose – Partial least squares (PLS) path modeling is a variance-based structural equation modeling (SEM) technique that is widely applied in business and social sciences. Its ability to model composites and factors makes it a formidable statistical tool for new technology research. Recent...