In an innovation contest, an organizer elicits solutions to an innovation-related problem from a group of internal solvers (e.g., in-house employees) or from a group of external solvers (e.g., crowdsourcing-platform members). These solvers may develop individual solutions and make individual...

One perspective suggests that firms heavily involved in innovation may face increased risks. It is essential to know the suitable proxies in measuring innovation related to risk taking. Many studies use research-and-development intensity (RDI) and research-and-development spending (RDS) as...