This article reviews the current state of the debate around the concept of ‘urban bias’. It first reviews Michael Lipton’s original formulation of an Urban Bias Thesis (UBT), and the initial debates that took shape in regard to his work and the work of Elliott Berg and Robert...

The field of development studies owes a great debt to Amartya Sen. This paper reviews the strengths and weaknesses of Sen’s account of ‘development as freedom’. It considers how Sen has developed his arguments in terms of four key ‘spaces’: what he calls the...