While some countries coordinate their tax policies for multinationals with their commercial trade policies, the …

This report analyses the exposure of business services industry to foreign competition, either through trade or through … industry to foreign competition will increasingly get the form of direct investment instead of imports or licensing agreements … domestic supply. National regulations have a substantial impact on trade and direct investment patterns in the BS industry …

South Africa´s trade barriers are still relatively high compared to other emerging market economies, and its industrial … further trade liberalization on the South African economy. We particularly take into account core NTB´s on tradable … commodities and the costs imposed by cross-border trade facilitation, which is particularly inefficient in South Africa. Our …

Increased intra-regional trade in southern Africa will have a positive impact on economic growth. However, this … across the region, and thus drive higher levels of trade. …

private sector investment. However, the region faces important leakages in imports of machinery. This paper investigates …

success. This includes both measures to improve competitiveness, such as reforms in energy and services sectors, and measures … growth performance, as well as firms that are increasing their participation in international trade. …

consistent with a neo-Schumpeterian view of trade and regulation. Close to the technology frontier, import competition has a … heterogeneous effects of international competition and domestic product market regulation on firm-level productivity growth are … substantially. However, far from the frontier, neither import competition nor its interaction with domestic regulation has a …