The purpose of this paper is two-fold. First, we develop the measurement theory of polarization for the case in which … polarization indices that can be used to compare polarization across time or entities. Distribution-free statistical inference … results are also derived in order to ensure that the orderings of polarization across entities are not simply due to sampling …

function of the Gini coefficient, the Herfindahl-Hirschman fractionalization index, and a specific measure of polarization due …In this paper we study a behavioral model of conflict that provides a basis for choosing certain indices of dispersion … as indicators for conflict. We show that the (equilibrium) level of conflict can be expressed as an (approximate) linear …

polarization of the countries in groups with conflicting interests. Given the predictable relationship between polarization and … conflict, it would seem logical to evaluate the degree to which the distribution of countries – for example, in terms of their … evolution over time. This paper takes the concept of polarization to explore this distribution for the period 1992–2010, looking …

accompanied by polarization and violent conflict. We illustrate this point by describing the processes of land privatization in … communities, including the possibility of polarization. We find that the support of egalitarian norms is notably strong when new …, polarization is strongest when the group with the most lucrative opportunities comprises half the population. …

polarization, a key mechanism theorized as increasing the chances of violent conflict, remains less understood. We argue that …Does secessionism lead to social polarization? Despite much research on independence movements, their relationship to …. However, polarization does not necessarily lead to violence. We explore the case of Catalonia, a region that experienced a …

function of the Gini coefficient, the Herfindahl-Hirschman fractionalization index, and a specific measure of polarization due …In this paper we study a behavioral model of conflict that provides a basis for choosing certain indices of dispersion … as indicators for conflict. We show that the (equilibrium) level of conflict can be expressed as an (approximate) linear …

, and construct measures of polarization and fractionalization based on the cardinals' birthplaces. The deaths of popes and … find that an increase of one standard deviation in our measure of polarization raised the likelihood of internal conflict …We study the effect of divisions within the elite on the probability of internal conflict in the Papal States between …