at a local level. Networks and clusters are the more used words to define these different forms highlighting internally …, universities, ...) and able to generate different forms of governance. …

. Moreover, it is not necessary to rely on clusters to stimulate innovation. A differentiated and combined network approach to …Over the past decades, economic and innovation policy across Europe moved in the direction of creating regional … clusters of related firms and institutions. Creating clusters through public policy is risky, complex and costly, however …

In today?s global economy innovation is presented as the key to economic development and sustainability. Only through … innovation can companies ensure their progress and their place in the market and can become strong enough to survive and prosper …. By creating a favourable environment for innovation, countries and regions can facilitate their industries and companies …

between the elements of a system and clusters (innovation clusters) and the selfrationale of a system and that of networks … composed of "elements", which are tied together by a "self-rationale". For innovation, often innovation clusters and innovation … networks are being regarded as important. By leveraging systems theory for innovation concepts, one can implement references …