In the history of economic thought, Shackle was one of the representative critics about probability based economic … theory. Specifically, he constructed his own concept of subjective uncertainty called potential surprise to replace … probability. In 1980s, the potential surprise is axiomatized by Katzner as Kolmogorov-styled measure defined on the &#x1d70e …

graphing tools are used, such as, probability paper and different specifications of exponential functions representing … cumulative probability distributions. The argument is that traditional time-series analysis implies a given universe, usually … uncertainty (nonmeasureable risk) due to regime changes. The analogs show the investor how to determine when a regime change has …

generally guided by call-put option pricing models - which rely on an ergodic notion of probability that conforms to a normal … distribution function. This paper considers critiques of the above models, which include Keynes's Treatise on Probability (1921 … uncertainty." The methodological issues, as can be pointed out, are relevant in the context of policy issues and social …

economy, this paper suggests the two disciplines face a common problem when it comes to uncertainty. It is argued that … intervention, are as yet any nearer to providing robust solutions to the problems posed by Keynesian uncertainty. Under the … uncertainty follows, suggesting a future research agenda in this area of common interest to AI and economics. …

The question of how to deal with uncertainty in environmental decision-making is cur-rently attracting considerable … uncertainty becomes particularly apparent in the field of environmental policy because environmental prob-lems are regarded as … the challenge to develop scientific decision support methods that are capable of dealing with uncertainty in a systematic …