Practices and conducts in professional and even amateur sports can be subject to competition laws as soon as commercial … competition policy interventions. Setting and enforcing the rules of the game is an activity with commercial effects because it … reviews selected landmark cases in sports competition policy from an economic perspective. This includes the U.S. baseball …

With the implementation of the 7th Amendment to the German Act against Restraints of Competition (GWB) in 2005, the … exemption for so-called ministerial cartels under Section 8 GWB was discarded without replacement. Similar to the still existing … from the general ban on cartels under Section 1 GWB for "predominant reasons relating to the economy as a whole and the …

the EU. Competition policy is the central pillar of the Single Market. A strong antitrust enforcement, especially fighting … cartels and preventing the creation of new ones, is at the core of open and fair pan-European markets, higher productivity and … of companies involved in cartels, focusing on the effectiveness of preventive policy of the Commission in antitrust …

How many cartels are there? The answer is important in assessing the efficiency of competition policy. We present a … industry or not. Our model identifies key policy parameters from data generated under different competition policy regimes and … may be used with time-series or panel data. We take the model to data from a period of legal cartels - Finnish …

How many cartels are there? The answer is important in assessing the need for competition policy. We present a Hidden … Markov Model that answers the question, taking into account that often we do not know whether a cartel exists in an industry … or not. We take the model to data from a period of legal cartels - Finnish manufacturing industries 1951-1990. Our …

How many cartels are there? The answer is important in assessing the need for competition policy. We present a Hidden … Markov Model that answers the question, taking into account that often we do not know whether a cartel exists in an industry … or not. We take the model to data from a period of legal cartels - Finnish manufacturing industries 1951-1990. Our …

How many cartels are there? The answer is important in assessing the efficiency of competition policy. We present a … industry or not. Our model identifies key policy parameters from data generated under different competition policy regimes and … may be used with time-series or panel data. We take the model to data from a period of legal cartels - Finnish …