We introduce the financial market friction through the search and matching in the loan market into a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) model. We reveal that the second order approximation of social welfare includes the terms relating credit, such as credit market tightness, the...

Summers (1991) proposes that a central bank, in conducting monetary policy, should pursue a small but positive ex ante inflation rate even before nominal interest rates hit the zero bound. He insists that the central bank can thus reduce the social costs brought about by negative shocks to the...

In this paper, we set out the JEM (Japanese Economic Model), a large macroeconomic model of the Japanese Economy. Although the JEM is a theoretical model designed with a view to overcoming the Lucas (1976) critique of traditional large macroeconomic models, it can also be used for both...

This paper introduces financial market frictions into a standard New Keynesian model through search and matching in the credit market. Under such financial mar- ket frictions, a second-order approximation of social welfare includes a term involv- ing credit, in addition to terms for inflation...

Over-the-counter (OTC) derivative transactions, like loans, present the risk of losses in the event that the counterparty goes bankrupt. This is referred to as counterparty risk. OTC derivatives differ from loans, however, in that exposure varies with market factors. The risk that both exposure...