Obtaining the distribution of the profit and loss (PL) of a portfolio is a key problem in market risk measurement. However, existing methods, such as those based on the Normal distribution, and historical simulation methods, which use empirical distribution of risk factors, face difficulties in...

This paper aims to extract the expectations of market participants on the duration of the Zero Interest Rate Policy (ZIRP) by the Bank of Japan by modeling the term structure of interest rates. Under the ZIRP, particularly the short-term and medium-term interest rates are so low that we face...