This paper uses real option analysis to evaluate investment decisions in ethanol facilities. First, we consider the option to expand the scale of a conventional ethanol plant. Second, we evaluate the option to choose a production technology given three drymilling choices – a conventional...

The control of the interface states between the electric contacts and semiconductor is a key issue to develop high-performance functional devices. In this work, a serial of surface treatments including mechanical polishing (MP) + chemical polishing (CP) + surface passivation (SP) were conducted...

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between loan default and loss given default (LGD) in an agricultural loan portfolio. The analysis employs a simulation model approach to evaluate the role that systematic and non-systematic risks play in determining the...

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to determine if there are positive microeconomic effects from a state-funded loan participation program on farm productivity and investment behavior. Design/methodology/approach – The authors take the approach that access to credit solves a liquidity...

Access to ICT-based market information is crucial to the adoption of agricultural seed technologies for maize, beans and groundnut and to improve smallholder farmer yields and income. This ICT-based market information is provided by FM radio stations and by market information centers through...