The European competition rules restrict governments' opportunity to differentiate terms of energy accessibility among firms and industries. This easily runs counter with regional and industrial goals of national energy policies. Norway levies a tax on use of electricity, but exempts main...

A complete system of consumer expenditure functions with 28 commodities is modeled and estimated by means of two-wave household panel data. The total consumption expenditure is treated as latent, with two income measures as observed indicators. The distribution of latent individual differences,...

This article discusses revenue estimating procedures for changes to the personal income tax. Using partial equilibrium revenue estimates of the personal income tax cuts introduced in Norway in 2006 as an example, we find wide variation in the estimates of the revenue costs of cuts depending on...