Greater competition has increased pressure to reduce product costs and design times. To introduce products more quickly, some companies begin designing products before all relevant design information is available and continue modifying product specifications during the design process. We...

This paper will assess the importance of internal firm resources in overcoming sunk entry costs associated with export. When firms are not able to raise additional external funds for investments, they are credit-constrained, and in such a case, new exporters have to rely on their internal...

The global economy is increasingly dependent on knowledge workers to meet the needs of public and private organizations. While there is no single definition of knowledge work, organizations and industry groups still attempt to measure individuals’ capability to engage in it. The most...

In this paper we define a new dynamic approach for measuring the Cash- Flow-at-Risk of a firm. Starting from the assumption that the balance sheet evolves according to a system of difference equations involving the most important accounting records, we define a new risk measure, tailored on our...

This paper uses deep learning to value derivatives. The approach is broadly applicable, and we use a call option on a basket of stocks as an example. We show that the deep learning model is accurate and very fast, capable of producing valuations a million times faster than traditional models. We...

Risk is a phenomenon that has become part of human activities. Risk is in everything and is defined according to the circumstance of the activity or event under contention. Transportation business in Nigeria is a highly risky one especially as it affects passenger transport services. The...

Banks must manage their trading books, not just value them. Pricing includes valuation adjustments collectively known as XVA (at least credit, funding, capital and tax), so management must also include XVA. In trading book management we focus on pricing, hedging, and allocation of prices or...

A major concern in business valuation is how to derive a beta value that adequately represents the assessment of long-term risk for a company. Against this background Morningstar (2013), Bloomberg and Thomson Reuters recommend adjusting betas estimated for company valuation purposes (using...

In this article, the Universal Approximation Theorem of Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) is applied to the SABR stochastic volatility model in order to construct highly efficient representations. Initially, the SABR approximation of Hagan et al. [2002] is considered, then a more accurate...

An analytic framework is provided for incorporating different user perspectives on materiality into the audit process. The framework serves as a tool for disaggregating materiality to specific accounts based on materiality criteria for accounts and account combinations. To improve audit...