This paper proposes a paradigm shift in the valuation of long term cash-linked annuities and equity-linked annuities with cash-linked guarantees, away from classical no-arbitrage pricing towards pricing under the real world probability measure. In contrast to risk neutral pricing, which is a...

In this paper, we discuss how to model credit risk under the benchmark approach. Firstly we introduce an affine credit risk model. We then show how to price credit default swaps (CDSs) and introduce credit valuation adjustment (CVA) as an extension of CDSs. In particular, our model can capture...

The paper derives a parsimonious two-component affine diffusion model for a world stock index to capture the dynamics of aggregate wealth. The observable state variables of the model are the normalized index and the inverse of the stochastic market activity, both modeled as square root...

The paper derives a parsimonious two-component affine diffusion model with one driving Brownian motion to capture the dynamics of oil prices. It can be observed that the oil price behaves in some sense similarly to the US dollar. However, there are also clear differences. To identify these the...

Long dated xed income securities play an important role in asset-liability management, in life insurance and in annuity businesses. This paper applies the benchmark approach, where the growth optimal portfolio (GOP) is employed as numeraire together with the real world probability measure for...

Multivariate versions of the law of large numbers and the central limit theorem for martingales are given in a generality that is often necessary when studying statistical inference for stochastic process models. To illustrate the usefulness of the results, we consider estimation for a...

In this paper the asymptotic behaviour of the maximum likelihood and Bayesian estimators of a delay parameter is studied. The observed process is supposed to be the solution of a linear stochastic differential equation with one time delay term. It is shown that these estimators are consistent...