This paper studies the origins of trademark registration in Spain and offers, for the first time, data across sectors … backwardness of Spain between 1850 and the 1940s, empirical evidence on trademark registration suggests that, in this field …, Spanish policies and Spanish firms seemed to be well ahead of other countries. Spain was among the pioneering countries in the …

about brand image, brand personality, brand identity, lifestyle brands and the global brand. I argue that large …-scale, international advertising agencies discovered the symbolic and emotional capacities of brands in building consumer loyalty and in …

la marca de una compañía aseguradora. <h2>Real Options Approach to Financial Valuation of Brands</h2> Intangible … assets are an important component of the market value of a company, particularly in brands which represent the competitive … of brands based on the application of a compound real option model to a patent valuation, acknowledging the similarities …

Branding and brands appeared not accidentally in the history of trade practices. The apparition of the branding … techniques and afterwards the development of the specific instrumentation, needed for the creation of brands, were answers to a … till then, to the contemporary brands took place. For this reason, the present article presents the main motive factors …

private value of brands to firms and aggregate intangible brand capital stocks created by these investments. These investments …