Evidence of speculator profit and TCC price less than congestion charges suggests that additional competition in the TCC auction should be encouraged as a way to increase efficiency and lower the price of this "insurance" for hedgers.

This paper examines the volatility of wholesale electricity prices for five US markets. Using data covering the period from May 1996 to September 2001, for the California-Oregon Border, Palo Verde, Cinergy, Entergy, and Pennsylvania-New Jersey-Maryland markets, we examine the volatility of...

This study examines one‐day forward premiums at the hourly level on the New York independent systems operator wholesale electricity market for the period 2001–2005. Examining two representative zones, the authors show that premiums vary by hour of day, day of week, and month. We report...