Trade theory traces back different patterns of internationalization to heterogeneity between firms, measured both through differences in productivity levels and size. In this paper we analyze the link between heterogeneity within sectors and internationalization choices, namely trade and foreign...

This work provides a revised method of aggregation of tariff line data that is consistent with a common objective of the preferential policies. Using constant-elasticity-of-substitution aggregators we compute the uniform preferential tariff reduction that would leave the volume of imports...

In the international trade literature there seems to be some confusion between quot;opennessquot; and quot;protectionquot; measures. The aim of this paper is to bring together the quot;state of the artquot; in quantifying trade policy measures, so we focus on the extent of the protection granted...

Building on the work by Anderson and Neary on theoretically grounded trade policy indexes, we define an aggregate measure (Mercantilistic trade preference index - MTPI) of the trade referential margins. The MTPI provides a method of aggregation that is consistent with a common objective of the...

This paper compares the degree of openness to trade of three developed countries markets-the European Union, Japan, the United States-with that of three middle-income countries, namely Brazil, India, and China. A theoretically consistent protection measure - the Mercantilistic Trade...

In 2006 the EU decided to abandon its moratorium on negotiating new free trade agreements. Since then, numerous negotiations have been started. In particular, the EU joined in the scramble for preferential market access in Asia, starting bilateral negotiations both with individual countries, as...

The aim of this paper is to assess the causal impact of trade policy distortions on food security. The added value of this work is twofold: i) its use of a non-parametric matching technique with continuous treatment, namely the Generalised Propensity Score (GPS) to address the self selection...

The paper explores an important issue in multilateral agricultural trade negotiations, namely the approach taken to reduce tariffs, simulating possible liberalization scenarios. The analysis is based on the model of the Global Trade Analysis Project (GTAP), and on the related version 6.0...