In order to clarify variability in wind energy over a long-term period of 30 years, an investigation was carried out on Jeju Island in South Korea, which has complex terrain. The selected areas for this study were Jeju, Seogwipo and Seongsan, which have wind data for 30 years from 1978 to 2007....

The estimation of the sample size is a crucial part of the planning process of a survey and it can be accomplished in different ways, some of them require information not available or that may be obtained with a substantial cost. The estimation of the sample size can be done by using the design...

The estimation of the sample size is a crucial part of the planning process of a survey and it can be accomplished in different ways, some of them require information not available or that may be obtained with a substantial cost. The estimation of the sample size can be done by using the design...

Recently, harmful levels of air pollution have been detected in many provinces of Thailand. Particulate matter (PM) contains microscopic solids or liquid droplets that are so small that they can be inhaled and cause serious health problems. A high dispersion of PM is measured by a coefficient of...

This paper presents two approaches to modeling the use of IMF resources in order to gauge whether the recent decline in credit outstanding is a temporary or a permanent phenomenon. The two approaches-the time series behavior of credit outstanding and a two-stage program selection and access...

This paper provides a selective overview of nonlinear exchange rate models recently proposed in the literature and assesses their contribution to understanding exchange rate behavior. Two key questions are examined. The first question is whether nonlinear autoregressive models of real exchange...

This paper examines the persistence of shocks to the terms of trade, using annual data on 42 Sub-Saharan African countries between 1960-96. We find that the persistence of terms of trade shocks varies widely—for about half the countries such shocks are short-lived, while for one-third of the...

This paper proposes a probabilistic approach to public debt sustainability analysis (DSA) using "fan charts." These depict the magnitude of risks-upside and downside-surrounding public debt projections as a result of uncertain economic conditions and policies. We propose a simulation algorithm...

This paper estimates the output gap in Russia using a utilization-adjusted production function approach, which we argue is preferable to traditional output gap methods. The approach amounts to (1) using available surveys to estimate the "natural rates" of capacity and labor utilization above...