In this paper we quantify the Cost of Non-Europe, i.e. the trade-related welfare losses that would occur under different scenarios of undoing the European Union. Thirty years after the terminology of Non-Europe was used to give estimates of the gains from further integration, we use modern...

The objective of this research is to analyze and evaluate the main trade facilitation factors that affect trade cost, total trade cost and manufactured trade cost in ECOWAS countries. To cope with these objectives, we adopt an econometric approach of gravity model. The data cover the ECOWAS with...

Purpose – Political risk factors play a pivotal role in determining the bilateral trade flow of Asian countries in general and the Association for Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) countries in particular. The main purpose of this research paper is to examine the impact of disaggregated...

Nonlinear measurement of gravity model with PPML regression technique has become admired for modelling international trade flows since it approves a better accounting for zero flows and excessive values in distribution tail. In the present study, we have endeavored to investigate the bilateral...

This paper presents a theoretical model (adapted from the structural gravity model by Anderson and van Wincoop, 2003) to capture the effects of terrorism on air passenger traffic between nations affected by terrorism. We then use equations derived from this model, in conjunction with alternative...

Since Jan Tinberben's original formulation (Tinbergen 1962), the empirical analysis of bilateral trade flows through the estimation of a gravity equation has gone a long way. It has acquired a solid reputation of good fitting; it gained respected micro foundations that allowed it to move to a...

We estimate a gravity model to address the question of whether Africa`s bilateral trade with industrial countries is quot;unusualquot; compared with other developing country regions. Our main finding is that the unusually low level of African trade is explained by economic size, geographical...

Technical progress can be expected to reduce transport costs over time, yet most studies of bilateral trade based on the gravity model find distance effects to be increasing rather than decreasing. We investigate countries' openness to international trade (the ratio of exports plus imports to...

Trade costs are crucial in new economic geography (NEG) models. The unavailability of actual trade costs data requires the approximation of trade costs. Most NEG studies do not deal with the ramifications of the particular trade costs specification used. This paper shows that the specification...

The Covid-19 pandemic has introduced huge numbers of employers and employees to remote work. How many of these newly remote jobs will go overseas? We offer a rough quantification based on two observations: 1) offshore work is trade in services, and 2) the number of telemigrants is the volume of...