In order to investigate the influence of crystal electrical field on determining the first- or second-order ferromagnetic–paramagnetic phase transition, we have considered Praseodymium intermetallics systems PrX2 (X=Al,Ni,Rh,Ru,Mg). Using a theoretical model which takes into account the...

The temperature-dependent phase diagrams of the spin-3/2 Ising model on a two-layer Bethe lattice with ferromagnetic (FM)/antiferromagnetic (AFM) intra-layer and either FM or AFM type inter-layer interactions are investigated under a constant magnetic field (H) and in the presence of a crystal...

The mixed spin-12 and spin-32 transverse Ising model with a crystal field is studied within the framework of the effective-field theory with correlations. The phase diagrams and thermal behaviors of magnetizations are investigated numerically for the honeycomb (z=3). The results show that there...

A Monte Carlo (MC) simulation was used to observe the magnetic behavior of a superlattice Ising Model, in the presence of both an external and crystal magnetic fields. The system is made up to layers σ=±1/2 and S=±1,0. The effect of the exchange interaction coupling Jp between the spin...

The phase diagrams of the bilayer spin-32 Ising model on the Bethe lattice is analyzed by taking into account the intralayer coupling constants of the two layers (J1,J2), interlayer coupling constant between the layers (J3) and crystal field interaction (D) for the coordination number q=3 by...

The magnetic properties of a mixed Ising ferrimagnetic system, in which the two interacting sublattices have spins σ, (±1/2) and spins S, (±1,0) in the presence of a random crystal field, have been studied with the mean field approach. The obtained results show the existence of some...

The spin-σ Ising model with diluted and symmetric random crystal field is studied for σ⩾1 in the pair approximation based on Bogoliubov inequality for the free energy. Global phase diagrams are obtained in the temperature versus crystal field plane for the whole range of concentration in the...

This paper investigates the combined effect of mechanical grooving and porous silicon (PS) on the front surface reflectance and the electronic properties of crystalline silicon substrates. Mechanical surface texturization leads to reduce the cell reflectance, enhance the light trapping and...

Porous silicon structures were observed in laser-assisted etching in a TMAH solution. The porous structures significantly increase the active surface areas and therefore are of great interest to the pharmaceutical and fine chemicals industry, in the areas of high throughput drug discovery,...

The aim of this study is the formation of porous silicon (PS) and the heat treatment effect on the optical properties of the PS layer. An optimized HF:HNO3 chemical solution is used at ambient temperature on the n + p silicon surface. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) pictures show the form of...