% and as many as 33%. The Muslim population - which grew from 1% in 1981 to 4% in 2001 - will, according to our estimates …, represent 14 to 26% of the population by 2051. If current fertility trends remain constant, Islam could represent the majority …

employment-population ratios and hours worked of very young (ages 16 to 25) Muslim men fell. By 2004, most losses had begun to … dissipate. The employment-population ratios and hours worked of older Muslim men experienced little deterioration. …

communities and especially the Muslim deficit in parental education predict a Hindu advantage. Alternative outcomes and … specifications support our finding of a Muslim fixed effect that favours survival. The results of this study contribute to a recent … literature on the role of religion or culture as encapsulating important unobservable behaviours or endowments that influence …