universities that was adopted at the beginning of 2013. The political decision-makers expect that the funding scheme will create … incentives for the universities to improve performance, but these funding schemes have largely failed in many other countries …, primarily because public funding is only a small share of the total funding of universities. This study is interesting because …

properly managed, perform better than either loans or grants taken in isolation. The core of the intuition, which we develop in …

There is some debate regarding whether aid to poor recipients should be given in the form of loans or grants. This … revenue) and aid on growth in Kenya. Two measures of aid are used; external grants and loans, and both yield different results …. Aid loans are found to have a negative impact on long run growth, while grants have a positive, albeit weak, impact on …

policies are heterogenenous by design and include export promotion policies, public grants for exporters, public export … guarantee schemes, subsidised export loans, and randomised foreign market access programmes. Our review provides insights into …