Bottom-up processes of policy convergence are increasingly discussed as a substitute for the absence of supranational …-up convergence? In order to answer this question, we first construct country-specific R&D-based knowledge stocks, and then … Member States over the time period 1990-2012 is employed to test for the presence of conditional â-convergence using a bias …

We compare the convergence with German monetary policy of the Balkan and Mediterranean country candidates for EU …

-run relationships by allowing for causality and convergence, are employed. In three essays, the proposed procedures are applied to food …

in the analysis of the convergence process of European Union (EU15) regions by systematically applying a method to … results suggest that convergence pattern of EU regions depends on the spatial scale of analysis and that convergence occurs …

The paper takes into account both the concerns of the EU, arguing that convergence is incomplete, and the demands from … accession countries, claiming that monetary integration is optimal. Indicators are developed which measure convergence and … benefits from monetary integration. The more serious problem is a lack of convergence which could imply serious risks during …