economic growth of eleven Central and Eastern European (CEE or EU11) countries, including their real convergence to the … equalization between the CEE countries and the EU15 is verified based on the β and σ convergence concepts. Second, the impact of … a clear-cut income-level convergence toward the EU15 and that variables associated with the EU membership (increasing …

stimulate growth in the less developed countries. In fact, according to our estimates, with an annual β-convergence of 2% in …

Bottom-up processes of policy convergence are increasingly discussed as a substitute for the absence of supranational …-up convergence? In order to answer this question, we first construct country-specific R&D-based knowledge stocks, and then … Member States over the time period 1990-2012 is employed to test for the presence of conditional â-convergence using a bias …