In this paper we analyze the possible effect of the changes in the taxation of cross-border e-commerce on the poverty rates and income distribution in Russia. Our results suggest that lowering the limit of the value of goods for customs-free import would affect mostly rich households. The effect...

The offi cial poverty measurements in Russia are based on per capita welfare aggregate. We estimate economies on household size in consumption by different methodologies ranging from methods based on Engel curves to estimations of economies of scale using subjective questions. We demonstrate...

This paper estimates average and marginal returns to schooling in Indonesia using a non-parametric selection model. Identification of the model is given by exogenous geographic variation in access to upper secondary schools. We find that the return to upper secondary schooling varies widely...