leads to the problem called "anti-commons" where assigning exclusive rights of a resource to more than one entity reduces … Japan may actualize a nightmare of the anti-commons in product innovations of some fields such as biotechnology. This paper … of the anti-commons on R´&D: as a consequence of the transition to University Corporation, (1) interim expected profits …

There are three analytically distinct layers of the phenomenon or condition that has been labeled “the anticommons … innovation. This phenomenon, presented here as the core of the anticommons, is a more specific problem than those associated with …

There are three analytically distinct layers of the phenomenon that has been labeled “the anticommons” and indicted as … complements (either in production or consumption), multiple marginalization—seen here to be the core of the “anticommons” – is … the anticommons. …