There are good reasons to expect that the process of European integration might bring about a renaissance of comparative law and private international law, the two disciplines, in which Herbert Bernstein had excelled in the New and the Old World. To be sure, Europe’s legal systems must respond...

The changes of the European regulatory space propose new questions concerning the identity and the liability of regulators. The increasing use of self-regulation, co-regulation and delegated self-regulation in different fields have empowered private regulators. They have been playing an...

This paper examines the main questions raised by the accession of the European Union to the Revised European Social Charter, under the new architecture of the Union provided by the Treaty establishing a European Constitution. The paper is divided in five parts. The historical background is...

The paper is intended to develop the idea that the growing number of rules on universal services allows for the introduction of a debate about whether these rules contain the nucleus of a new social European private law. This is all the more important as the European Community will change the...

Law and Security - Facing the Dilemmas is a collection of papers emanating from so-called working group II within Foundations, headed by Professor Kimmo Nuotio of Helsinki University. As much of my own research, writing and teaching at the EUI is related to terrorism and counter-terrorism, it...

The paper argues that some general Community standards for horizontal liability among private parties can be established already now. The basic requirement is a sufficiently serious, not necessarily negligent violation of an EU (including always EC) law provision intending to protect private...

My hypothesis, which I try to present in this paper can be broken down into three different affirmations: The ECJ is developing, on the basis of the acquis communautaire, a European Social Framework, not a fully-fledged European Social Model. The ECJ’s Social Model is based on access justice...

The aim of this paper is the study of the enhanced cooperation mechanism in the framework of the Lisbon Treaty as it applies to the Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP) and the Common Security and Defence Policy (CSDP) of the EU. The concept of enhanced cooperation was introduced into the...

The papers collectively aim to improve the understanding of the multi-level interplay between primary EC law and national private law. As such, the authors address the pressing topics of the shifting public – private divide in Community law, the impact of fundamental rights on Internal Market...

The Code of Good Administrative Behaviour has passed fairly unnoticed in academic research on the principle of good administration. However, it is an important source to understand the meaning of this principle and concept in European administrative law, since it encompasses some of its...