Classical single-factor comparable company valuation (CCV) like e.g. valuation using the price-earnings ratio is associated with several shortcomings. The two most important are the non-applicability of negative values in the basis of reference and the high requirements to the qualitative...

This paper shows that ten methods on company valuation using cash flow discounting (WACC; equity cash flow; capital cash flow; adjusted present value; residual income; EVA; business's risk-adjusted equity cash flow; business's risk-adjusted free cash flow; risk-free-adjusted equity cash flow; and...

This paper uses real options theory to value an investment opportunity known as the Mediterranean-Dead Sea hydroelectric project. We employ a discrete time model to:-quantify simultaneous variation of three decision variables over the useful life of the project;-value options to: postpone the...

We claim that in a world without leverage cost the relationship between the levered beta (BL) and the unlevered beta (Bu) of a company depends upon the financing strategy. For a company that maintains a fixed book-value leverage ratio, the relationship is Fernandez (2004): BL = Bu + (Bu - Bd) D...

This paper addresses the valuation of firms by cash flow discounting. The first part shows that the four most commonly used discounted cash flow valuation methods (free cash flow discounted at the WACC; cash flow for equityholders discounted at the required return to equity; capital cash flow...

During the last 5 years (2001-2006), the average return of the pension funds in Spain (2.9%) was lower than the average inflation (3.2%). Nevertheless, on December 31, 2006, 9.9 million investors in the 2,759 existing pension funds had 81 billion euros. Only 6 of the 115 equity pension funds...

During the last 10 years (1997-2006), the average return of the mutual funds in Spain (2.7%) was smaller than the average inflation (2.9%). Nevertheless, on December 31, 2006, 8,819,809 investors in the 2,779 existing mutual funds had 254 billion euros. 246 new mutual funds were launched during...

2006 was a good year for the shareholders of the companies in the Euro Stoxx 50. The shareholder value creation of these 50 companies was 246.1 billion. The companies that created more value for their shareholders were Santander ( 16.2 billion), Endesa ( 15.8 billion), Suez ( 15.6 billion) and...

We compute the Shareholder Value Creation of Endesa, Iberdrola and Union Fenosa between 1991 and 2006. The shareholder value creation during this period was: Endesa 29.9 billion euros; Iberdrola 23.9; and Union Fenosa 9.6.The average shareholder return was: Endesa 18.5%; Iberdrola 19.1% and Union...

We compute the Shareholder Value Creation of Santander, BBVA, Popular and Bankinter between 1991 and 2006. The shareholder value creation during this period was: Santander 20.7 billion euros; BBVA 25.4; Popular 13.4 and Bankinter 3.9.The average shareholder return was: Santander 18.7%; BBVA...