We investigate whether customer (investor) loyalty and relational exchanges exist between investors, brokers and brokerage houses by analyzing the changes in investors' trading behavior when their broker changes her brokerage house. We accomplish this by analyzing a unique database containing...

This study examines the managers' motives for cashing their ESOs when they are able to sell them. Investigating the managers' selling behavior instead of their exercising behavior is advantageous, since when selling their ESOs, managers do not sacrifice the time value component of the ESO as in...

This study examines how the U.S. macroeconomic news releases affect uncertainty in domestic and foreign stock exchanges. For that purpose, the behavior of the implied volatilities from the U.S. and Finnish markets is investigated around the employment, producer price index (PPI) and consumer...

This study examines international equity market integration regarding uncertainty. For that purpose implied volatilities calculated from the market prices of stock index options from the U.S., U.K., German and Finnish markets are analyzed. The results suggest a high degree of integration among...

This paper investigates the potential disadvantages of the secondary markets for executive stock options (ESOs). The benefits of such markets are evident, but they might also have negative effects for shareholders. Executives might, for example, use inside information to time their ESO selling....